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Tatra T813
History
The first prototype already built in 1960 utilized existing Tatra T138 assemblies in 4x4 full time all wheel drive, which was also another first for Tatra. After the initial trials however the designers decided to develop and expand the concepts onto 8x8 all wheel drive all terain vehicle. The basis of the design thus became modular chassis of T813.
Design and Technology
The tubular backbone construction was once again selected. The main advantages of central load carrying backbone tube are in its high torsion and bend strength protecting truck body against load stresses. The advantage is also that it houses all important parts of the drive train as well as it enables a concept of modular construction where designers and customers can specify 4,6,8, wheel drive and various length wheelbase combinations. The new cab of COE design was implemented as were the wide profile super single tyres and central tyre inflation /deflation system.
Engine
The "monstrous" naturally aspirated V12 T-930 was created by adding extra four cylinders to the existing T-928 75 degree V8 engine used in TatraT138. The crankshaft consisted of six individual journals bolted together with front and rear pins all running on the main roller bearings and located on axial friction thrust washers. The military version was once again multi-fuel capable, running on mixtures of diesel fuel, petrol and aviation kerosine fuel.
T 930-xx E
Engine T813
Manifacturer Tatra
Also called:T 930 E
Type:V12 diesel
Bore:120 mm (4.7 in)
Displacement:17,640 cc
Dry weight:1,035 kg (2,282 lb)
Block alloy:Cast iron
Head alloy:Aluminium alloy
Valvetrain:OHV
Fuel system: Direct injection
Fuel type: Diesel fuel
Cooling system:Aircooled
Power output:198.6 kW (266 hp) @ 2000 rpm
Torque output:990 N·m (730 ft·lbf) @ 1300 rpm
Compression ratio:16.5:1
Fuel consumption:44 L/100 km (6.4 mpg imp/5.3 mpg US)
Chassis
Full length backbone tube with independent swing half axles in 4x4, 6x6 and 8x8. On 4x4 models front axle suspension via adjustable torsion bars , 6x6 and 8x8 models front and rear axles suspended by longitudinal semi-elliptic leaf springs. For 4x4 configuration rear axle was suspended via the airbags suspension. Full time all wheel drive front twin steer (6x6, 8x 8 drive via homo-kinetic drive shafts, drive with the differential locks ,inter-axle differentials with locks and planetary hub reductions on all models.
The main gearbox was located behind the cabin and connected to an engine clutch housing via short cardan shaft( this design enables a so called flat floor cabin) was bolted together with an auxiliary gearbox to a transfer case and then to a backbone tube and formed main part of a chassis structure. Options for the rear power take off and or a winch drive were available. Main and auxiliary gears were fully synchronized except the first and reverse gear. The new feature was unique 2 speed planetary overdrive system bolted between front and rear axles. The overdrive could only be selected manually whilst stationary. Auxiliary gearbox had a neutral position which allowed a winch and a power take off to use main gearbox gearing for variable speed operation. The final drives used Tatra gear differentials with locks, offset drive shafts and planetary hub reductions.
Full triple circuit air "S" cam drum brakes acting on all wheels drums via slack adjuster, all brake cylinders were remotely vented. First brake circuit acts on front wheels , the second on rear wheels and the third controls trailer service brakes. Unique design feature was remotely mounted brake valve which was operated via hydraulic master and slave cylinder principle on the Hauler 6x6 or via mechanical linkage on 8x8 models.
Cabin is all steel construction of COE design but not tiltable, the access to the engine was provided via removable engine cowlings inside the cabin compartment. The cab came in two versions, the "short" two seater two door version and in the "long" "crew cab" seven seater four door version. The military specs cabs included the roof hatch or two in the case of the crew cab. All cabs were equipped with self contained diesel cab heater which could also be used in the winter to warm up the engine before starting it. Another military feature was CTI central tyre inflation system controlled from the cab for each wheel independently and an ability to pressurize gearbox and differentials housing during water crossing. The 8x8 models had abilility to cross trenches up to 1.4 metre wide and vertical obstacles up to 0.6 metre high. Water crossing depth (static including the wave) was up to 1.4 metre (KOLOS 8x 8. The vehicle top speed was 92 km/h (NT & NTH), 80 km/h (KOLOS), 70 km/h (hauler), 60 km/h (S1) @ 2000 engine rpm.
Production of Tatra T813 began in 1967 and was superseded by Tatra T815 in 1982. Models were available in the 4x4, 6x6, and 8x8 drive configurations for civilian and military use.
Crane 4x4
Aiport tug T813 6x6
T813 Hauler
Fire 8x8
KOLOS 8x8
T813 Rocket launcher chassis RM70
RM-70 MRL
T813 6x6
The first prototype already built in 1960 utilized existing Tatra T138 assemblies in 4x4 full time all wheel drive, which was also another first for Tatra. After the initial trials however the designers decided to develop and expand the concepts onto 8x8 all wheel drive all terain vehicle. The basis of the design thus became modular chassis of T813.
Design and Technology
The tubular backbone construction was once again selected. The main advantages of central load carrying backbone tube are in its high torsion and bend strength protecting truck body against load stresses. The advantage is also that it houses all important parts of the drive train as well as it enables a concept of modular construction where designers and customers can specify 4,6,8, wheel drive and various length wheelbase combinations. The new cab of COE design was implemented as were the wide profile super single tyres and central tyre inflation /deflation system.
Engine
The "monstrous" naturally aspirated V12 T-930 was created by adding extra four cylinders to the existing T-928 75 degree V8 engine used in TatraT138. The crankshaft consisted of six individual journals bolted together with front and rear pins all running on the main roller bearings and located on axial friction thrust washers. The military version was once again multi-fuel capable, running on mixtures of diesel fuel, petrol and aviation kerosine fuel.
T 930-xx E
Engine T813
Manifacturer Tatra
Also called:T 930 E
Type:V12 diesel
Bore:120 mm (4.7 in)
Displacement:17,640 cc
Dry weight:1,035 kg (2,282 lb)
Block alloy:Cast iron
Head alloy:Aluminium alloy
Valvetrain:OHV
Fuel system: Direct injection
Fuel type: Diesel fuel
Cooling system:Aircooled
Power output:198.6 kW (266 hp) @ 2000 rpm
Torque output:990 N·m (730 ft·lbf) @ 1300 rpm
Compression ratio:16.5:1
Fuel consumption:44 L/100 km (6.4 mpg imp/5.3 mpg US)
Chassis
Full length backbone tube with independent swing half axles in 4x4, 6x6 and 8x8. On 4x4 models front axle suspension via adjustable torsion bars , 6x6 and 8x8 models front and rear axles suspended by longitudinal semi-elliptic leaf springs. For 4x4 configuration rear axle was suspended via the airbags suspension. Full time all wheel drive front twin steer (6x6, 8x 8 drive via homo-kinetic drive shafts, drive with the differential locks ,inter-axle differentials with locks and planetary hub reductions on all models.
- Front track
2050 mm (KOLOS)
1990 mm (6x6 Hauler, S1, 8x8 Chassis)
2300 mm (NT, NTH Prime movers) - Rear track
2000 mm (8x8 KOLOS)
1950 mm (6x6 Hauler, 8x8 Chassis, S 1)
1990 mm (NT, NTH Prime movers) - Wheelbase
T813 KOLOS - 1650+2200+1450 mm
6x6 Hauler - 1650+2700 mm
8x8 Chassis - 1650+3200+1450 mm
S1 8x8 - 1650+2800+1450 mm
NT, NTH 4x4 - 3700 mm - Ground clearance
380 mm (KOLOS, 6x6 Hauler)
330 mm (8x8 Chassis, S1 8x 8
300 mm (NT, NTH Prime Movers)
The main gearbox was located behind the cabin and connected to an engine clutch housing via short cardan shaft( this design enables a so called flat floor cabin) was bolted together with an auxiliary gearbox to a transfer case and then to a backbone tube and formed main part of a chassis structure. Options for the rear power take off and or a winch drive were available. Main and auxiliary gears were fully synchronized except the first and reverse gear. The new feature was unique 2 speed planetary overdrive system bolted between front and rear axles. The overdrive could only be selected manually whilst stationary. Auxiliary gearbox had a neutral position which allowed a winch and a power take off to use main gearbox gearing for variable speed operation. The final drives used Tatra gear differentials with locks, offset drive shafts and planetary hub reductions.
- Main gearbox - 5+1 (2-5 gear synchronized) (KOLOS 8x8 & Hauler 6x6)
gear ratios - (1)9.97, (2)4.96, (3)2.83, (4)1.68, (5)1.0, (R)8.58 - Main gearbox - 5+1 (2-5 gear synchronized) with splitter direct and overdrive (S1 8x8, Chassis 8x8,NT & NTH 4x4)
gear ratios - (1)9.97, (2)4.96, (3)2.83, (4)1.68, (5)1.0, (R)8.58
splitter ratios - 1.0 (Direct) , 0.75 (Overdrive) (electro-pneumatic control via switch on the gear lever and clutch pedal activated ) - Auxiliary gearbox - 2 speed (electro-pneumatic control via switch on the gear lever and clutch pedal activated )
gear ratios - 2.2, 1.62 (KOLOS & Hauler 6x6) - Step down transfer case - single
gear ratio - 1.68 (S1 8x8, Chassis 8x8, NT & NTH 4x4 only) - Planetary overdrive
ratios - 1.0 , 0.62 (KOLOS 8x8 & Hauler 6x6 only) - Clutch - 3x plate dry (clutch pedal hydraulic and air power assisted) - 2x plate dry (clutch pedal hydraulic and air power assisted) (NT & NTH 4x4 only)
- Differentials
2x front and 2x rear (8x8 models)
2x front and 1x rear (6x6 models)
1x front and 1x rear (4x4 models)
final drive
ratios - 2.71 - Planetary hub reductions
ratios- 2.14 (KOLOS 8x 8, 2,12 (Hauler 6x6 & S1 8x 8
Full triple circuit air "S" cam drum brakes acting on all wheels drums via slack adjuster, all brake cylinders were remotely vented. First brake circuit acts on front wheels , the second on rear wheels and the third controls trailer service brakes. Unique design feature was remotely mounted brake valve which was operated via hydraulic master and slave cylinder principle on the Hauler 6x6 or via mechanical linkage on 8x8 models.
- Main wheel brakes ----> dual circuit drum brakes "S" cam type
- Park brake ----> mechanical via output shaft at the back of the gearbox
- Supplementary brake ----> exhaust brake electro-pneumatically controlled
Cabin is all steel construction of COE design but not tiltable, the access to the engine was provided via removable engine cowlings inside the cabin compartment. The cab came in two versions, the "short" two seater two door version and in the "long" "crew cab" seven seater four door version. The military specs cabs included the roof hatch or two in the case of the crew cab. All cabs were equipped with self contained diesel cab heater which could also be used in the winter to warm up the engine before starting it. Another military feature was CTI central tyre inflation system controlled from the cab for each wheel independently and an ability to pressurize gearbox and differentials housing during water crossing. The 8x8 models had abilility to cross trenches up to 1.4 metre wide and vertical obstacles up to 0.6 metre high. Water crossing depth (static including the wave) was up to 1.4 metre (KOLOS 8x 8. The vehicle top speed was 92 km/h (NT & NTH), 80 km/h (KOLOS), 70 km/h (hauler), 60 km/h (S1) @ 2000 engine rpm.
- Vehicles Weights
Tare - 14,000 kg (KOLOS 8x 8, 21,050 kg (Hauler 6x6), 11,200 kg (Chassis 8x 8, 15,000 kg (S1 8x 8, 7,000 kg (NT & NTH 4x4)
GVM - 22,200 kg(KOLOS 8x 8, 22,000 kg (Hauler 6x6), 36,000 kg (Chassis 8x 8, 36,000 kg (S1 8x 8,
Max Trailer Mass - 65,000 kg (KOLOS 8x 8, 100,000 kg (Hauler 6x6), 32,000 kg (NT & NTH 4x4
GCM - 79,000 kg (KOLOS 8x 8, 121,050 kg (Hauler 6x6), 39,000 kg (NT & NTH 4x4)
Production of Tatra T813 began in 1967 and was superseded by Tatra T815 in 1982. Models were available in the 4x4, 6x6, and 8x8 drive configurations for civilian and military use.
- Primary models
Tatra T813 "KOLOS" 8x8 - Military heavy haulage
Tatra T813 Hauler 6x6 - Civilian heavy haulage
Tatra T813 S1 8x8 - Heavy one way tipper
Tatra T813 Cab-chassis 8x8 - Bodybuilders chassis for special use
Tatra T813 NT & NTH 4x4 - Prime movers and special applications
Crane 4x4
Aiport tug T813 6x6
T813 Hauler
Fire 8x8
KOLOS 8x8
T813 Rocket launcher chassis RM70
RM-70 MRL
T813 6x6
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